Frequency Converter
Convert between different frequency units including Hz, kHz, MHz, GHz, THz, and RPM
Frequency Converter
Common Frequency Conversions
1 kHz = 1,000 Hz
1 MHz = 1,000 kHz
1 GHz = 1,000 MHz
1 THz = 1,000 GHz
1 Hz = 60 RPM
1 RPM = 0.0167 Hz
Complete Frequency Conversion Guide
Comprehensive guide to frequency measurements, the electromagnetic spectrum, and professional applications
Understanding Frequency Units
SI Frequency Units
- •Hertz (Hz): 1 cycle per second, SI base unit
- •Kilohertz (kHz) = 1,000 Hz
- •Megahertz (MHz) = 1,000,000 Hz
- •Gigahertz (GHz) = 1,000,000,000 Hz
- •Terahertz (THz) = 10¹² Hz
- •Period (T) = 1/f (seconds per cycle)
Rotational & Other Units
- •RPM (revolutions per minute) = Hz ÷ 60
- •RPS (revolutions per second) = Hz
- •Radians per second (rad/s) = 2π × Hz
- •BPM (beats per minute) used in music/medicine = Hz ÷ 60
- •Angular frequency ω = 2πf
Essential Conversion Factors
Frequency Conversions
- •1 kHz = 1,000 Hz
- •1 MHz = 1,000 kHz
- •1 GHz = 1,000 MHz
- •1 THz = 1,000 GHz
- •1 Hz = 60 RPM
- •1 RPM = 0.01667 Hz
The Radio Spectrum
- •ELF 3–30 Hz (power lines, submarines)
- •VLF 3–30 kHz (navigation)
- •LF 30–300 kHz (AM radio)
- •MF 300 kHz–3 MHz (AM broadcast)
- •HF 3–30 MHz (shortwave)
- •VHF 30–300 MHz (FM, TV)
- •UHF 300 MHz–3 GHz (cellular, WiFi)
- •SHF 3–30 GHz (radar, satellite)
Audio & Light
- •Infrasound: below 20 Hz
- •Human hearing: 20 Hz – 20 kHz
- •Ultrasound: above 20 kHz
- •Visible light: 430–770 THz
- •Infrared: 300 GHz – 430 THz
- •Ultraviolet: 770 THz – 30 PHz
- •X-rays: 30 PHz – 30 EHz
Professional Applications
Electronics & Computing
- •CPU clock speed (GHz)
- •System bus frequency
- •Oscillator crystals
- •Signal processing
- •ADC/DAC sampling rates
- •RF circuit design
- •PCB trace impedance at high frequency
Telecommunications
- •4G LTE: 700 MHz – 2.6 GHz
- •5G mmWave: 24–100 GHz
- •WiFi: 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz
- •Bluetooth: 2.4 GHz
- •GPS L1: 1.575 GHz
- •FM radio: 87.5–108 MHz
- •AM radio: 535–1,705 kHz
Audio Engineering
- •Bass frequencies: 20–250 Hz
- •Midrange: 250 Hz – 4 kHz
- •Treble: 4–20 kHz
- •Concert A: 440 Hz
- •Middle C: 261.6 Hz
- •Speaker crossover points
- •Room acoustic resonances
- •Noise-canceling filter design
Medicine & Industry
- •Ultrasound imaging: 2–18 MHz
- •MRI: 64 MHz (1.5T), 128 MHz (3T)
- •TENS therapy: 1–150 Hz
- •Motor speed control (RPM)
- •Vibration analysis (Hz)
- •Quartz watch crystal: 32,768 Hz
- •Power grid: 50 Hz (EU) or 60 Hz (US)
Frequency Measurement Best Practices
Measurement Techniques
- •Use oscilloscopes for visualizing waveforms
- •Frequency counters for precision measurement
- •Spectrum analyzers for multi-frequency signals
- •Lock-in amplifiers for weak signals in noise
- •Always match probe bandwidth to signal frequency
Interference & Safety
- •EMI shielding for sensitive circuits
- •Keep digital and analog grounds separate
- •Frequency coordination for radio transmitters (licensed spectrum)
- •ESD protection for high-frequency components
- •Avoid harmonics in power supply design
Frequency Examples by Category
Audio & Music
- •Lowest pipe organ note: 16 Hz
- •Bass guitar lowest: 41 Hz (E1)
- •Human voice male: 85–180 Hz
- •Human voice female: 165–255 Hz
- •Concert A4: 440 Hz
- •Highest piano key: 4,186 Hz
- •Bat echolocation: 20–200 kHz
Wireless & Communications
- •AM radio: 535–1,705 kHz
- •FM radio: 87.5–108 MHz
- •WiFi 2.4 GHz channel: 2,412–2,484 MHz
- •LTE band 7: 2,620 MHz
- •5G n261: 27.5 GHz
- •Microwave oven: 2.45 GHz
- •GPS L1: 1,575.42 MHz
Everyday & Industrial
- •Power grid (EU): 50 Hz
- •Power grid (US): 60 Hz
- •Human heart (resting): 1.0–1.3 Hz (60–80 BPM)
- •PC CPU: 3–5 GHz
- •Quartz watch: 32,768 Hz
- •Helicopter rotor: 3–5 Hz
- •Railway catenary: 16.7 Hz (some EU)
Frequently Asked Questions
What is frequency?▾
Frequency is the number of times a repeating event occurs per unit of time. It is measured in hertz (Hz), where 1 Hz = 1 cycle per second. Frequency applies to sound waves, electromagnetic waves, electrical signals, mechanical vibrations, and any other periodic phenomenon.
How does frequency relate to wavelength?▾
Frequency and wavelength are inversely related through the wave’s propagation speed: v = f × λ. For electromagnetic waves in free space (c = 299,792,458 m/s), a higher frequency means a shorter wavelength. For example, FM radio at 100 MHz has a wavelength of about 3 meters, while visible light at 500 THz has a wavelength of about 600 nanometers.
What is the difference between Hz and RPM?▾
Both describe how often something repeats, but in different time bases. Hz counts cycles per second; RPM counts revolutions per minute. To convert RPM to Hz divide by 60. For example, a hard drive spinning at 7,200 RPM = 120 Hz. To convert Hz to RPM, multiply by 60.
What frequency is WiFi?▾
WiFi operates on two main bands: 2.4 GHz (channels 1–14, spanning roughly 2,412–2,484 MHz) and 5 GHz (channels 36–165, spanning 5,180–5,850 MHz). Wi-Fi 6E and Wi-Fi 7 also use the new 6 GHz band (5,925–7,125 MHz). Higher bands offer faster speeds but shorter range.
Why do some countries use 50 Hz and others 60 Hz for power?▾
The split dates to the late 1800s when Tesla (50 Hz, later standardized in Europe) and Westinghouse/GE (60 Hz, adopted in North America) built competing power systems. Once infrastructure was in place it became too costly to change, so the world settled into two camps: most of Europe, Africa, Asia, and Australia use 50 Hz; North America and parts of South America use 60 Hz.
What is the audible frequency range for humans?▾
Healthy young adults can hear from approximately 20 Hz (deep bass) to 20,000 Hz (20 kHz). This range narrows with age — high-frequency hearing loss is common above 50 years. Dogs hear up to about 65 kHz, and bats use echolocation at 20–200 kHz, well beyond human perception.